Such powerful inexpensive computers are a game changer for IoT and for a new paradigm that links local specialized processing capabilities with cloud computing.
Edge computing brings processing close to the data source while fog computing sends data to the LAN level of the network and processes it through the use of a fog node or IoT gateway. At the end, you may want to leverage the cloud to provide enhanced services.
A cloudlet is a small-scale datacenter located at the edge of the Internet that can support fog computing.
Raspberries seem to be a wonderful platform to build fog computing services upon.
If you want to know more about edge/fog computing (and about Raspberries supporting fog comuting) you may refer to:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/single-broad-computers-game-changer-edgefog-deepak-sureshkumar/
https://www.itprc.com/fog-computing/
For how to build a Raspberrypi cluster see MagPi Magazine n.87: https://magpi.raspberrypi.org/issues/87